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After Bollinger picked Pencilmation up again as a college project at the School of Visual Arts, he began creating episodes on a regular basis and posting them on Youtube, at which point the idea steadily grew. “I made the very first Pencilmation episode when I was about 16 years old,” Bollinger recalled, “ I watched the Looney Tunes Duck Amuck.” The Pencilmation video gained great traction on Newgrounds, which was a kind of predecessor of Youtube, as some might remember. Lieuwma’s channel, which has over 230 million views, is produced largely by himself.īollinger, Medrano, and Lieuwma all started their channels out of sheer enthusiasm.
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Medrano, whose channel has 163 million views, is currently directing a small team to create an original series pilot of 25 minutes, Hazbin Hotel, which is financed by 1,790 of her followers through Patreon. To date, the Pencilmation channel has amassed a total of 4.4 billion views, and is made by a team of more than a 100 people worldwide. Left to right: Joost Lieuwma, Vivienne Medrano, Ross Bollinger. 9.3 million subscribers), Vivziepop’s Vivienne Medrano (U.S., 1.3 million subs), and Cartoon Box’s Joost Lieuwma (Netherlands, 1.6 million subs). Cartoon Brew interviewed three top Youtube content creators via e-mail: Pencilmation’s Ross Bollinger (U.S. But while running a Youtube animation channel might look like an easy goldmine, to actually make it successful, you need strategy, a lot of luck, and great stamina.Īmidst a sea of personality-based vlogging and gaming-driven “Let’s Play” channels, there’s also a small successful group of original story-driven animation content to be found. Every cell has small organelles within it that perform different tasks.Youtube as an open platform has allowed independent creators to build their brand exactly the way they want it, without any management layers in between. Most people probably have a general idea of what a cell is, but they might not realize all of the functions that go on inside of these microscopic spaces. Carbohydrates are considered simple or complex based upon their chemical structure. Complex carbohydrates and simple carbohydrates. Here's a video explaining photosynthesis. ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is often called the "molecular unit of currency" of intracellularenergy transfer. Mitochondria are also involved in other cell processes such as cell divisionand growth, as well as cell death.Īdenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme. Located in the cytoplasm, they are the sites of cellular respiration which ultimately generates fuel for the cell's activities. They convert energy into forms that are usable by thecell. Mitochondria are the cell's power producers. The cereal grains (wheat, rice, corn, oats, barley) as well as tubers such as potatoes are rich in starch. Plants store glucose as the polysaccharide starch.
It is the main component of plant cell walls, and the basic building block for many textiles and for paper. Glucose is one of the primary molecules which serve as energy sources for plants and animals.Ĭellulose is a long chain of linked sugar molecules that gives wood its remarkable strength. Glucose is also sometimes called dextrose. Glucose is called a simple sugar or a monosaccharide because it is one of the smallest units which has the characteristics of this class of carbohydrates. Glucose is a carbohydrate and is the most important simple sugar in human metabolism. It is a necessary raw material for most plants, which remove carbon dioxide from air using the process of photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide is a small but important constituent of air. They consist of two specialized cells called guard cells that surround a tiny pore called a stoma.Ĭarbon dioxide (CO2) is a slightly toxic, odorless, colorless gas with a slightly pungent, acidic taste.
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Stomata are minute aperture structures on plants found typically on the outer leaf skin layer, also known as the epidermis. Chloroplasts have a double outer membrane.
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This energy is used to convert water plus atmospheric carbon dioxide into metabolizable sugars by the biochemical process of photosynthesis. These organelles contain the plant cell's chlorophyll responsible for the plant's green color and the ability to absorb energy from sunlight. Chlorophyll is an extremely important biomolecule, critical in photosynthesis, which allows plants to absorb energy from light.Ĭhloroplasts are specialized organelles found in all higher plant cells.
Its name is derived from the Greek words chloros ("green") and phyllon ("leaf"). Chlorophyll (also chlorophyl) is a green pigment found in cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of algae and plants.